Governing mechanism for turbines.



No. 845,339. v PATENT'ED FEB. 26, 1907. E. D. DICKINSON. GOVERNINGMECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 1, 1905.

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No, 845,339. PATENTED FEB. 26,1907.

' E. D. DICKINSON.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 1, 1905.

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No. 845,339. r v PATENTED FEB. 26, 1907.

' E. D. DICKINSON. GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

APPLIOATION'FILBD SEPT.1,1905

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No. 845,339. PATENTBDFEB. 26, 1907.

E. D. DICKINSON.

GOVERNING. MECHANISM FOB. TURBINBS.

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M I Dickinson, I 1 y I PATBNTED-FEB. 26, 1907.

E. D. DICKINSON.

I GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

'APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 1,1905.

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EDGAR D. DICKINSON, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GEN- ERALELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GOVERNING MECHANISM FOR TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 26, 1907.

Application filed September 1,1905. Serial No 276.668.

To all 1071/0117 it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDGAR D. DICKINSON, a subject of the King of GreatBritain, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of NewYork, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in GoverningMechanism for Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to governing mechanism for turbines, andmore especially to those of the elastic-fluid type, and has for itsobject to provide a governing mechanism in which the valves are quicklyand positively opened or closed as the demand for motive fluid changes,and this with a mechanism that is eflicient and reliable in operationand at the same time is simple and rugged in character.

In carrying out m invention as many admission-valves are provided asdesired to properly control the passage of motive fluid through thenozzles or other devices to the turbine. In addition to this one or morestage-valves may be provided for one or more succeeding stages after thefirst, which is or are opened or closed as the demand for motive fluidchanges. Ordinarily aless number of stage-valves will be provided in agiven stage than admission-valves, since it is desirable to simplify theconstruction and reduce the number of parts as much as possible; but theinvention is not to be understood as being limited to any specificnumber. One, two, three, or more stages'of a multistagemachine maybeprovided with these valves in the different stages and preferably in thesame plane, so that a common stem may be employed. In this manner whenone stagevalve is opened or closed the corresponding valves in the otherstages will be similarly moved. Again, such a construction tends toreduce the number of parts and decrease the cost of manufacture andlabor of erecting and cost of maintenance.

The admission-valves may be arranged in one or more groups andpreferably all of the valves in a group are contained in the same chest.The valves in each group may be operated directly or indirectly by a camor equivalent device. WVhen operated directly by a can, the ends of thevalve-stems pro jecting through the chest may be provided withantifriction-rollers engaging the cam. WVhen operated indirectlyas, forexample,

where it is desired to multiply the power or motionlevers are providedwihch are attached to or engage the valve-stems and are suitably pivotedat one point and engage with the cam at another. Each of the valves isor maybe provided with an outside spring, which tends at all times toclose it. Locating the closing-springs outside of the steamspaceprevents them from losing their temper where superheated steam isemployed and at the same time renders them accessible. A. furtheradvantage resides in the fact that the dimensions of the springs can besuch as are best suited to the work. Each valve may control one, two, ormore nozzles or nozzlesections, which convert more or less of thepressure of the motive fluid into velocity and discharge it with itsvelocity unimpaired to the wheel-buckets. Preferably the nozzlesdischarge the motive fluid in the form of an unbroken column against thebuckets to avoid eddy-currents, spill, and other losses, and as the loadchanges the valves vary the cross-sectional area of the column, without,however, varying its velocity.

The cam or other device is preferably common to and moves all the valvesof a group and is in turn connected to or moved by an actuator whichpositively moves it to and fro, and thus positively opens and closes thevalves in predetermined succession or order as the load changes. Theactuator may be separately driven, or it may receive its notionindirectly or directly from the main shaft of the turbine, the latterarrangement being preferable, since a practically unli'rited anount ofpower is thus rendered available. A satisfactory means for driving theactuator comprises a worn on the shaft of the turbine, meshing withawor.;nwheel that in turn drives an eccentric, the rod of which isconnected directly or indirectly to the actuator. The worn-gearing ispreferably in,

closed in a fluid-tight casing containing a suitable lubricant. By meansof this arrange nent the number of strokes per 1r inute ,of the actuatorcan be anything that is desired. Ordinarily the actuator will move moreslowly than the shaft, for obvious reasons. The actuator, whichcomprises two principal parts, as will appear later, may with advantagehave a right-line reciprocating motion; but it may have any othersuitable motion, if desired. The actuator. 01'

some part of it, should be constantly in metion, since by so doing itwill H'IOVO the valves without loss of tine in response to the loadchanges. In other worrls, no time is lost in. overco Lning inertia orsticking, anrl the valves will quickly respond to the new conaitions ofoperation.

The earn has a step-by-step inovenient, since the valves aresuccessively operatezl both in opening and closing, while the actuatorhas a constant to-ancl-fro inoveaijent. From this itwill be seen thatthe ea n aiul the actuator cannot be rigidly connectezl together.Furthermore, under certain conrlitions the earn must have a greater orless (usually greater) angular movement than it would be possible toobtain by a direct connection. In or-zler to connect and disconnect thecam and actuator as the (lOiDtt'tlil for inotive :tluirl varies, theactuator is nnule in two prin cipal inei'nbers or parts, which forconvenience may be term e5 primary anti secondary. The pri nary memberis connected to anti is constantly driven by the main shaft or othersource of power. The seconzlary member is connected to the cam, andhence has a stepby-step motion. The primary and secondary members arenormally free to move with respect to each other. In the presentillustration of my invention the nienbers move toward and away from eachother. In order to move the can when one or more valves are to be openedor closed to satisfy the load conditions, a connector is providecl whichconnects or looks the principal nernbers of the actuator anal is itselfcontrolled by the speed-governor. The loarl on the governor is small,because it merely controls the connector while the energy for nzovingthe actuator and the valves is transniittert from the mainturbine-shaft. hen the loazi concitions are satisfied by a given numberof open valves, the governor causes the connector to release or unlockthe principal nzeiiibers of the actuator, an-tl thereafter the parts arefree to move relatively to each other without varying the number ofvalves in. service. The secondary ine nber of the actuator is connectedto and DTOVOS the can. The for-.11 of this connection will differ indifferent ca es. here the lllOVGlIlOlll) of the can is sznall, a simplelever may suffice; but where the n1oveirent is considerable gearing orequivalent devices may be einployetl. The connector has a definiteposition for each position of the cam, and therefore for each of theails; issionvalves. The satre is also true of the seconrlary member ofthe actuator.

The parts of the actuator are providedv with one or more suitableguides. Where two or more guides are provirl zl, they may be separate ornot. preferable, because it resumes the number of parts and simplifiesthe alineirient anrl insures good operation. Between the prinn'try Theuse of a coinnton. guide is and the secondary 1n embers of the actuatoris a certain amount of lost motion, which niotion is equal, at least, tothe throw or utovenxent of the priji y nxenber of the actiuitor, so thatthe latter can move without iroving the can when the load conditions aresails 'lierl by a given number of open valves. \Fhen the load changes,the governor, whiz-h r be driven directly or iiulirectlv by the mainshaft, nioves the connector to a point where it looks or connects the:netnbers o t the actuator, and thus moves the cam in one xiirection orthe other as the cmniitions of lo:1:l hand. To state the matter in adifferent y, the transnzission of uotion from the primary actuator tothe cam can only take place through the connector, anti the porition ofthe connector as regulated by the governor determines how little or howmuch the earn will he moved on a given stroke or cycle of the actuator.The connector may be n'zazle in a variety of ways without (lcptrtingfrom the invention, so long as the feature ot coni'iecting or lookinganrl. discmrnecting or unlocking the part or parts transrittin n1otionfrom a suitable source to the earn in. nc corzlance with loarl changesis preservezl. l l hen consizierezi in a (lllltll'fil'lll anal perhapsntoro liinitezl sense, the connector can be nnuie in a variety of waysso long as the feature of transforming a continuous nlolion into astep-by "tep irotion either forward or backward or llli, .iorwa '(i antithen baclm'anl preservezl.

The nozzle or admission valves are unbalanced. in the closed position,and whrn of relatively large cliainrtcr and subjcclcil to hea pressurethe effort requirril If) open them is considerable.

To reduce the amount of work required to open the vz'ilvrs, each maywith advantage be made in two principal parts, a primary and. asrcoiulary,one constituting a pilot-valve, the other the main valve. Inopening, the cam first raises Llu small pilot-valves from ihcir seats,which prrinits ihe strain or other fluid pressure to balance the mainvalves wholly or in large part, and. thereafter the main valves are erenrd. In closing, the main valves ariseated first and then thepilot-valvrs. (lilo way of ("fleeting this result; is to use thepilotvalve as a means for opening and closing 1hr zulinissirm-valvetlnough a lost-motion (-nnnrclion. The lrver for oprrating oath of theathnissionwaives is nuule in two parts which are capable of a certainamount of inilepzfiulcnt inovrinent. Between the parts of the lever aspring so arrangi tl that as ilhlever is moved by the cain itisplaculiuuh r stress, and when this exceeds a eerinin amount the1*,ilot-valvo opens \Vlill a snap, and thus p-reverus the valve and itssent from cutting, as would hrthe case if it openril slowly. After ihepilot-val: is oprnul the pressures on the main valve are largelybalanced, and further movement of the lever opens it. The valves areclosed by suitable outside closing-springs having means for adjustingthem. In event of stage-valves being provided they may be opened bymeans of the cam and closed by one or more springs or equivalentdevices.

In the normal operation of elastic-fluid turbines of the jet type someof the valves are open, some are closed, and at least one valve isopening and closing frequently for regulating purposes. All things beingequal, the greater the number of admission-valves the more nearly agiven number of open valves will satisfy the load conditions. The use ofa large number of nozzle-valves is objectionable, however, on account ofmultiplicity of small parts, original cost, and. also that ofmaintenance. By using the pilot and noz zle valve-s arranged in themanner above specified I am able to obtain the benefits of a largenumber of nozzle-valves without the objections above specifiedthat is tosay, one of the pilot or primary elements of the valves will open orclose when only a small change in the amount of steam is desired. Tolook at the matter in a different way, each nozzle-valve is made in twoparts, a primary and a secondary, one of which varies the admission by asmall amount, the other by a considerably larger amount.

The cam described is of the oscillatory t pe, but unless limited theretoin the cTa-ims my invention is to be construed as being broad enough toinclude other forms of cams or mechanical devices for actuating thevalves.

In the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative of my invention,Figure 1 is a view, partially in elevation and partially in section, ofa part of a turbine operating on the impact principle, the particularmachine being of the Curtis type. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectionthrough the actuator for moving the valves. Fig. 8 is also alongitudinal section through the, actuator, but on a plane at rightangles to that of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a cross-section on the line 4 4 ofFig. 2. Fig. 5 is a cross-section on the line 5 5 of Figs. 2 and 3. Fig.6 is a plan view of the valve-chest and the cam and other parts foroperating the valves. Fig. 7 is a detail view, partly in section, of aslightly-modified form of connector for uniting the primary andsecondary members of the actuator. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of theprimary member of the actuator. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of thesecondary member of the actuator. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of'theguides for the actuator, and Fig. 11 is a sectional view through thestage-valve.

1 represents the main shaft of the turbine, upon which the wheels 2 aremounted. Each of the wheels is provided with a row of peripheralbuckets, and between the buckets are intermediate buckets 8. Theintermediate buckets are supported by the casing 4. The upper end of thecasing is provided with a suitable head or cover 5, and mounted thereonand surrounding the main shaft is a casing 6, containing carbonpacking-rings 7. The turbine is divided by partitions or diaphragms intoas many stages as are desired, each stage being provided with thenecessary nozzles and controlling-valves.

Mounted on top of the head of the machine is a stool 8, which carriesthe generator 9. The upper end of the generator-casing is provided witha cover or head, upon which is supported the dome 10. The lattersurrounds the shaft-governor 11, mounted on the main shaft 1. Steam orother elastic fluid is admitted to the turbine from a valvechest 12, thelatter being bolted to the wheelcasing. Fluid is admitted to thevalvechest by the conduit 13 and flows through suitable passages 14 tothe nozzle or nozzles 15. The nozzle is preferably of the sectionalizedtype and is arranged to convert the pressure of the motive fluid intovelocity and discharge it in the form of a solid column against thewheel-buckets. Each of the passages 14 has one or more nozzle-sections,and they are separate one from the other, although they receive steamfrom a common chamber 16 in the chest. The passage of steam to thenozzles is controlled or regulated by a plurality of admission-valves 17of similar construction. Each of these valves is provided with a stemwhich extends through the casing and is connected to a lever 18. Thelevers are suitably pivoted at one end, and at the other end engage withand are moved by a cam 19, the latter being mounted in suitable bearingscarried by the chest.

Formed on a sleeve mounted on the main shaft is a worm 20, (shown indotted lines,) which meshes with a worm-wheel 21 carried by the shaft22. The Worm and wormwheel are inclosed in a casing 23, containing oilor other lubricating fluid. At the point where the shaft 22 passesthrough the wall of the casing it is suitably packed to prevent leakage.

On the outer end of the shaft is mounted an eccentric 24, which ismaintained in constant motion when the turbine is in operation. Motionfrom the eccentric is imparted to the actuator 25 by suitable connectingmeans. W hen the connector and the eccent"ic can be placed closetogether, the eccentric may be connected directly to the actu ator; butwhere the parts are separated by a considenbie distance, as in thepresent instance, a connecting-rod 26 is provided, one end of which isconnected to the connector and the other end to the cross-head 27. Thecross-head. is directly connected to lthe eccentric strap by the rod 28.The

actuator comprises two principal parts, as will be referred tohereinafter, which parts are connected or disconnected by the connector29, the latter being raised and lowered by the rod 30, that is connectedto the lever 31. The lever 31 is connected to and is moved by theshaft-governor.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive, and 8 to 10,inclusive, the actuator 25 is formed in two principal parts 35 and 36.The former may be termed the primary actuator, and the latter thesecondary. The primary actuator is connected to the eccentric and isconstantly moved to and fro in the guides 37, of which four areprovided. These guides are mounted in a frame 38, that is bolted to thevalve-chest. The lefthand end of the primary actuator is forked, andextending between and connecting the forks is a perforated block 39. Thelatter is adapted to engage the connector 29, actuated by theshaftgovernor, and to transmit motion from the primary to the secondaryactuator. The secondary actuator comprises a head 40, that slides to andfro in the guides 37. The right-hand end of the head is provided with acylindrical extension 41, that passes through the or fice in the block39 of the primary actuator, and is provided with a collar or head 42,which is adapted to engage with the connector 29. The collt is providedwith projections 43, that fit into and are movable in the slots 44 inthe primary actuator. These projections act as guides and. assist inpreserving the alinement of the parts. From the left-hand side of thehead of the secondary actuator extends a projection 45, that carries therack 46, the latter meshing with the gear 47, Fig. 1, carried by one endof the cam-shaft. This projection is provided on its inner surface witha guide 48.

The connector 29, Fig. 2, is provided with a slot 49, having diagonalwalls, and extending through the slot is the block 39 on the primaryactuator. Between this block and the side wall of the slot is a certainamount of space which constitutes a lost motion. This lost motion shouldbe equal to the throw of the eccentric 24, so that when the parts are asshown in 2 the primary actuator can reciprocate without imparting motionto the secondary actuator 36 and its connected cam. If the connector 29is lowered during the outward stroke of the primary actuator, it will011 the return stroke of the actuator cause the secondary actuator 36 tobe moved to the left. Conversely, if the connector 29 is raised from agiven position, the right-hand wall of the slot 49 will assume a newposition with respect to the block 39. Hence on the outward stroke ofthe primary actuator the connector 29 and the secondary actuator 36 andits connected parts will be moved to the right. When the load conditionsare satisl i l i fied by a certain number of open valves and theircontrolled nozzles, the primary ac tnator Will be reciprocating to andfro at, say, one hundred strokes per minute and the secondary actuatorwill remain stationary. he soon, however, as the load changes, the lever31 will raise or lower the connector 29, and the secondary actuator willbe moved. either to the left or the right, depending on whether more orless steam is required. Under ordinary conditions of operation some ofthe admission-valves will be open, some of them will be closed, and atleast one of them will be opening and closing at more or less fre quentintervals to do the regulating. From this it follows that for everydefinite position of the connector there will be a correspondingposition of the camshaft and the valves operated thereby. The parts arepreferably so arranged with respect to each other that a single strokeof the primary actuator will be sufficient to open or close one valve,and. the relation of the sl'iaft-governor to the lever 31 will be suchthat the connector 29 will he raised or lowered a definite amount for adefinite change in speed.

In laying out the parts for this governor care should be exercised tochoose such angles for the block 39 and the walls of the slot 49 thatthe tendency for the connector to he raised by the action of one uponthe other during a given stroke of the actuator is reduced to a minimum.

Referring to Fig. 6, the parts are shown in plan. 12 represents thevalve-chest, and 13 the levers for actuating the valves. Each of thelevers is provided with a suitable support or pivot, which support isextended over the lever to form a support for the closing-spring 50. Thefree end of the lever is provided with an antifriction-roller whichengages with one of the cam projections 51 on the cam 19. Each of thelevers is made in two principal parts 52 and 53, which are connectedtogether by the pivot 54. Between the free end of the lever 52 and theintermediate portion of the lever 53 is an adjustable compression-spring55, which is so arranged that when the cam 19 is moved about its axis tothe right, Fig. 7, it will first compress the spring 55 and open thepilot-valve, and after the stress exceeds a certain amount the effect ofthe cam will be transmitted directly to the lever 52 and thence to thestem 56 of the valve.

Instead of providing a valve of the ordinary construction forcontrolling the nozzles I prefer to employ a valve comprising a mainvalve and a pilot-valve. (Best shown in Fig. 7.) The pilot-valve 57 isconnected directly to the stem 56, and between the pilotvalve and themain valve is a certain amount of lost motion. The main valve 53 isprovided with a seat for the pilot-valve and also with ports or passages59 and suitable guides IIO ' ondary parts of the actuator.

valve, after which the main valve is raised and steam fiows freely tothe passage 14, connected with the nozzle or nozzle-section.

When the stress exerted by the spring 55 is sufficient to overcome thepressure on the pilot-valve, the latter will open with a snaplikeaction. This is due to the fact that as soon as thevalve is liftedslightly from its seat it is overbalanced because the entire undersurface is exposed to the steam-pressure. The effort required to openthe main valve is comparatively small because the opening of thepilot-valve causes it to be largely balanced. By means of thisconstruction the labor involved in raising the main valves isconsiderably lessened. In

closing, the main valve is seated first, and

thereafter the pilot-valve. I consider this to be a desirable form ofvalve; but my invention is not to be construed in all respects as beinglimited thereto.

In Fig. 7 I have shown a slight modification in the form of theconnector employed to connect and disconnect the primary and sec- Inthis figure, represents the connector that is actuated by the governorthrough the connecting-rod 30. The connector is made in the form of acam which is pivotally secured to the secondary part 61 of the actuator,the said part being geared or otherwise connected to the cam-shaft. Theprimary part 62 of the actuator comprises a head that is adapted to bereciprocated to and fro by an eccentric or other motor. This head isslotted to receive the connector 60. With the parts in the positionshown the primary actuator is free to move to and fro without impartingmovement to the secondary actuator. Assume, however, that a change inload causes the connector 60 to be turned about its pivot un til thedotted line 63 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the primaryactuator. The distance measured on the line 63 is greater than thedistance to the outer surface of the cam-measures on the line 64. Itfollows from this that the secondary actuator will on the end stroke ofthe primary actuator be moved by an amount equal to the difference inlength of these two lines. Assuming that the connector 60 had been movedto a point where the line 63 coincided with the axis of the primaryactuator and the load changed so as to bring the parts to the ositionshown in Fig. 4, it follows that the st movement to the right of theactuator would pull the connector 40 and its attached parts to theright. In other words, the actuator pushes the connector and itsattached parts in opening the valves and pulls the connector and itsattached parts in closing the valves. The valves are closed by theclosing-springs 50; but before they can be rendered effective it isnecessary for the antifriction-rollers to pass off from the camprojections.

In Fig. 11 I have shown a number of stagevalves connected to the samestem for controlling the passage of fluid from one stage to another inresponse to changes in load as defined by the shaft-governor. 65represents the valve-casing, which may form a part of the wheel-casingor be attached thereto, as desired. This casing contains one or morepiston stage-valves depending upon the number of stages to becontrolled. In the present illustration three of these valves are shown,all of which are mounted upon the stem 67. ton-valves would have atendency to force the valves downward at all times, I connect the upperend of the valve-casing to the lower by means of the pipe 68. In thismanner the valves may be substantially balanced. The valve-rod 67 isconnected to a suitable lever, which lever is acted upon by the cam 19in a manner to depress the valve when the load on the turbine reaches apredetermined amount. The valves are so set on the spindle thatadditional nozzles are simultaneously placed in service in the difierentstages. In order to prevent the motive fluid from passing from one stageto another without doing useful work, the nozzles under the control ofthe valves are covered by plates 69 and only receive steam from thestage-valves. The passage of steam through that portion or portions ofthe turbine controlled by the stage-valves is as follows: It enters fromthe chest 70 and flows past the controlling valve or valves to thenozzles and the wheels of the first stage. From there it flows throughthe passage 71 and past the valve 66 into the dottedline passage 72,thence through the nozzle connected therewith which is located beyond orback of the nozzle shown in section, thence through the wheel-buckets ofthe second stage and into the passage 7 3. It then passes through thedotted-line passage 74, and thence through nozzles connected therewithand through the wheel-buckets of the third stage and through the passage75 and past the lowest stagevalves into the passage 76, (shown in dottedlines) to the nozzles connected therewith. If the valves 66 aredepressed, so that the second set of ports 77 are uncovered, then fluidwill fiow from the passages 71, 7 3, and 75 in multiple through thedotted-line passages 72,74, and 76 and the full-line passages 78, 79,and 80. By properly proportioning the actuating-cam the valve 66 may bemade to fully open the first set of passages and by a further movementto open the second set of passages.

Since the pressures on these pis' ciple of operation of my invention,together i with the apparatus which I new consioer to represent the bestembodiment thereoi; but I I desire to have it understood. that theapparatus is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried outby other means.

l/Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of theUnited States, is

1. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a pluralityof valves which open an d close in pre etermined order to vary theamount of fluid. admitted to the moving element, a means common to thevalves for operating them, an actuator having a to-and-fro movement formoving the said means in a step-by-step manner, and. a load-responsivecevice for connectii'ig and disconnecting the actuator and means.

2. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination cl a pluralityof valves which open and close in predetermined order to vary the amountof fluid admitted to the moving element, a means common to the valvesfor operating them, an actuator comprising primary ane secondary membersone o'f which is connected. to the said means, a source of power forimparting a constant to and-fro movement to the other member ol theactuator, and a connector responsive to load variations for connectingand disconnecting the members of the actuator as the load changes.

3. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a pluralityoi valves Which open and close in predetermined order to vary the amountof fluidv admitted to the moving element, a cam common to the valves foroperating them in predetermined on an actuator having a constai'itto-and ro motion for moving the cam, and a loaf;- responsive device forgoverning the action. of the actuator on the cam.

4. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a pluralityof valves which open and close in. predetermined order to vary theamount of fluid admitted. to the moving element, a means common to thevalves for operating them, a (livid :l actuator for moving the saidmeans, one member of the actuator being in constant motion and. anothermember having a step-by-step motion, and a connector responsive to loazi changes for connecting the said members for concerted action anddisconnecting the members to permit of relatively independent movcments.

5. In a governing mechanism for turbines, he combination ol a pluralityoi valves which open and close in predetermined ermito vary the amountof fluid admitted to the moving element, levers for operating thevalves, a cam common to the lovers tor moving them, a coi1stantly-mevingactuator for moving the cam, and a device responsive to load changes forconnecting and eisconnecting the cam and actuator.

In a governin mechanism for turbines, the combination of a plurality ofvalves Wl'llGl'l open. and close in predetermined order to vary theamount of fluid admitted to the moving element, levers for operating thevalves, a cam common to the levers 'lti' moving them, an actuator whichhas a constant to-anc iro movement, anu. a connector l'or connecting thecam a actuator when it becomes necesszry to open or close one or on arevalves, and to oisconnect the cam am; actuator when the load conaitionsare satisliea by the number of open valves.

7. In a governing n'iechanism [or turbines, the combination of aplurality of valves which open one close in predetermined oreer to varythe amount of fluid aan'iitterg to the moving element, a means common tothe valves lor operating them, an uctualm' having a to-ana-ilron'iovement for moving the said means in a step-bystep manner, a rotaryelement which is connected to the ac tuator and imparts a t -and-lromovement thereto, and a lOfili'l-lGSPOllSlVG device which. monilies theeffect of the actuator on the valves.

8. In a governing mechanism for tur blurs, the combination of aplurality o'l valves which open and close in prcdetermined order to varythe amount of fluid admitted to the moving element, a means common tothe valves for operating them, a divided actuator for moving said means,the principal members of which overlap, a connector acting on the111G11'1l101S at the point ol. overlap for connecting and disconnectingthem, and. a speedresponsive device For governing the aclion ol' theconnector.

9. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a pluralityof valves which open and close in predetermiincd order to vary theamount of fluid z'tdmitled to the moving element, a divide d actuatorfor movmg the valves in their proper o1 der, a guide for the actuator, asource of power for 1lll)'\'- ing the actuator, and a device for connectlug and d'sconneciing the parts oil. the actuator.

10. In a goveri'iing mechanism for l iu'bines, the combination of aplurality of valves which. open and close in predel crmincd order tovary the amount of fluid admitted to the 1n oviiig elem ent a dividedactuator l or moving the val in thrir proper order, one member of whichis moving at all times and wit l1 :1 stroke of constant length while theother is moved forward and backward by a step-bystep movement, aconnector for causing one member of the actuator to transmit motion tothe other when it is necessary to move one or more valves, and to permitthem to move relatively when the number of valves which are open satisfythe load requirements, and a governor for moving the connector.

1 1. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of aplurality of valves which open and close in predetermined order to varythe amount of fluid admitted to the moving element, a means for movingthe valves, an actuator which is constantly in motion for impartingmotion to the means, a motor for moving the actuator, a guide on whichthe actuator is movable, and a device responding to load changes forregulating the action of the actuator.

12. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of an admission-valvecomprising a primary and a secondary element, with a means responsive toload changes for opening first one element of the valve with a snaplikeaction and then opening the other element.

13. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a plurality ofadmission-valves comprising primary and secondary elements, the primaryelement controlling a smaller amount of fluid than the secondary, and ameans responsive to load changes for first opening the primary, then thesecondary element of a given valve, and then the primary and afterwardthe secondary element of another valve, as the load increases.

14. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of anadmission-valve which comprises two principal elements, a primary and asecondary, a divided lever for actuating the said valve elements, aspring through which motion is transmitted from one part of the lever tothe other, and a means responding to load changes for operating thelever.

1.5. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination ofanadmission-val ve which comprises a primary and a secondary element,with a means responding to load changes which first opens the primaryelement with a snap-like action and then opens the secondary element ofthe valve as the demand for motive fluid changes.

16. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of aplurality of admissionvalves which comprise a primary element and asecondary element of larger area, and a speed-responsive device whichopens first a primary and then a secondary element of the valves underconditions of increasing load.

1 7. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of anadmission-valve which comprises a pilot-valve and a main valve, a stemfor flrst opening the pilot-valve to par tially balance the pressures onthe main valve, 1

and thereafter opening the main valve, a load-responsive device forsuccessively moving the parts of the valve as the demand for motivefluid changes, and a means for imparting a snap-like action to thepilot-valve as it opens.

18. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of aplurality of admissionvalves comprising two principal parts, a dividedlever for each valve, springs through which the levers act on the valvesto open them, springs for closing the valves, and a speed-responsivedevice for governing the action of the levers.

19. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of aplurality of admission-valves, a cam common to the valves for movingthem, a two-part actuator for moving the cam, one part being constantlydriven by the turbine-shaft, the other geared to the cam, a connectorfor connecting and disconnecting the parts of the actuator, and aspeed-responsive device for governing the action of the connector.

20. An elastic-fluid turbine which is divided into stages withwheel-buckets for the different stages, in combination with a stagevalvewhich controls a plurality of ports leading to discharge devices,admissionvalves for regulating the admission of motive fluid to theturbine, and a mechanism responding to speed changes which positivelymoves the admission and stage valves.

21. An elastic-fluid turbine which is divided into stages withwheel-buckets for the diflerent stages, in combination with stagevalvesarranged for simultaneous action, a means for balancing the valveswholly or in part, an admission-valve, and a speed-responsive devicewhich controls the movements of the admission and stage valves.

22. An elastic-fluid turbine which is divided into stages withwheel-buckets for the difl'erent stages, in combination with stagevalvesarranged forsimultaneous action, a plurality of ports controlled by eachvalve, a means tending to balance the valves, admissionvalves, and aspeed-responsive device for governing the action of the admission andstage valves.

23. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of a valveregulating the passage of motive fluid, a means for moving it, anactuator comprising two principal and overlapping parts, which arecapable of moving freely with respect to each other for moving saidmeans, and a speed-responsive device for connecting and disconnectingthe parts of the actuator as the load conditions change.

24. In a governing mechanism, the com bination of a regulator, anactuator for mov ing it comprising primary and secondary members whichare capable of moving with respect to each other, a load-responsivedevice, and a means moving with said device for locking and unlockingthe members of the actuatorv 25. In a governing mechanism, thecombination of a regulating-valve, an actuator for moving it comprisingprimary and secondary members which when locked move the valve, a meansfor constantly imparting motion to the primary member of the actuator,and a means For locking the primary and secondary members when it isdesired to move the valve and for unlocking them when it is desired toleave the valve in a given position.

26. In a governing mechanism for turbines, the combination of aplurality of regulators, means for operating said regulatorsdissimultaneously, a device which employs the energy of the mainturbine-shaft and ima iases from the main tLlI'bIllG-Slllfl], and aload-responsivo mechanism controlling the operation of said actuator onthe device.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set m y hand this 18th day of August,1905.

EDGAR D. DIIJIQINSUN. VVitnesses BENJAMIN B. I'IULL, HELEN Onroan.

